Patterns

Patients with primary immunodeficiency may experience one or more of the following:

• Recurrent or chronic infections such as middle ear infection, sinus infections, or pneumonia
• A history of prolonged illness for which treatments with antibiotics are ineffective
• A rapid return of an illness once it’s been treated

Steps for Diagnosis

After these patterns have been observed, a doctor will begin to explore the patient’s and the family’s history. Next, the patient will go through a physical examination and some tests that check the immune system. A series of laboratory assessments need to be conducted to determine the extent and type of immunodeficiency. Blood tests check the red and white blood cells, antibodies and complement system, and skin tests show if the T cells are working.

Results of Tests

These diagnostic procedures are necessary to find underlying factors of the immunodeficiency and establish a treatment protocol that will benefit the patient and improve his or her condition. The doctor evaluates the test results and gives a diagnosis with treatment options.